![]() ![]() The year 2020 was to become a decisive time for the three-decades-long Armenia– Azerbaijan conflict. In chapter four, Christian Di Menna discusses the challenges and possible solutions vis-à-vis compliance with the principles and rules of IHL in situations of contemporary armed conflicts. ![]() In chapter three, Candela Fernández Gil-Delgado looks closely at the Nagorno Karabakh conflict, focussing on one specific situation: the right of self-determination, self-defence and the use of force. ![]() In the next chapter, Aris Vasilliou discusses the conflict in Eastern Ukraine regarding potential war crimes committed there by the parties of the conflict. The article begins with the chapter by Lean- dro Pereira Mendes, who presents the main principles and a brief history of the development of IHL. As the face and practice of modern warfare are dramatically transformed by technology, the urge to ensure the protection of civilians becomes ever more pressing. In a world where conflict often spills across national borders, and with novel and unconventional forms of violence, the importance and necessity of this body of law has, perhaps, never been so great. A large corpus of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) has evolved to mitigate human suffering at war. Melzer notes “for as much as war is exclusively human, it is also inherently inhumane”.1 There is nothing inevitable about the agony and desperation of victims of war the international community has the ability and means to prevent this. Although armed conflict has been romanticised in heroic stories of liberation and revolution, those who have experienced the reality of war are often terribly troubled and traumatised. ![]() Families have been torn apart, and entire generations have been damaged, dislocated, and dispirited by loss, violence, and abuse. From the dawn of civilisation to today, warfare has brought great destruction and terrible human suffering, affecting combatants and civilians, who frequently bear the brunt of war. ![]()
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